Literature and Social Reality - 1340 Words

Literature and Social Reality xxxx ENG/492 xxxx xxxx In this paper I will discuss and analyze the social forces of immigration and industrialization that shape literature during the period of 1865 to 1912. I will describe the major literary movements of the period. Additionally I will explain how Realism and Naturalism influenced the literature of the period, how immigration and industrialization contributed to the influences. I will illustrate using examples from some of the greatest authors of the period. Immigration and Industrialization The United States’ population grew quickly in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Baym (2008) et al. write that there were 38.5 million people in 1870 and had grown to 92 million†¦show more content†¦Mark Twain was one of the major authors and his â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† is an excellent example of his style, which became regarded as a leading piece for the â€Å"American style† (Baym et al., 2008, p. 6). Twain used colloquial speech and his writing style puts the reader in the position of participant, almost as if in a dialogue with Huck. It is a very intimate and informal way of writing. Huckleberry Finn is uneducated and sees the world through the lens of his own experience as well as the social circumstances and mores of the time. In chapter 23 of â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† Huck ponders about Jim, his African American companion on his adventure: â€Å"He was thinking about his wife a nd his children, away up yonder, and he was low and homesick; because he hadn’t ever been away from home before in his life; and I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks do for their’n. It don’t seem natural, but I reckon it is so† (Baym et al., 2008, p. 204). This passage realistically illustrates the view of a young boy at the time who only knows the world through the social context of his time and place, which included slavery and a very derogatory view of African Americans. Twain was very critical and pessimistic about humankind and his writing often reflected this. However with Huck Finn he appears to be attempting to showShow MoreRelatedRealism And Realism : The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of Civil War became a starting point that most of the people in the literature field that drew a boundary between Romanticism and Realism by end of Civil War. From 1865, American liter ature was seeking for a new direction. Before the Realism, people focused on the abstract ideas that were pursuing the idealism. However, people woke up from the dream of idealism and realized the reality that American society had faced. The urgent and pressing society that they faced helped them to walk out fromRead More19th Century Changes for Europe and America1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmusic and literature. The age of Enlightenment began as one of the first alternative ways of thinking. It emphasized more scientific reason and fact rather than believing that God controlled all things. The age of Enlightenment saw advances in science, philosophy and literature. Some famous philosophers of the time included Immanuel Kant as well as Jean- Jacques Rousseau. Both argued the effect of government on human psyche. Kant believed that there is no such thing as a true reality, that inRead MoreLiterature Is A Powerful Medium Of Communication1232 Words   |  5 Pagesreading literature. Literature is known as a powerful medium of communication, so some extent literature teaches us the importance to develop our own social voice. Social voice is a type of communication that builds up as people goes through their lives, it can be influenced by desire, family, one’s values and beliefs. It is being aware of social issues, usually about social justice, such as equity, rights and freedoms, po wer and environment. Once one learn about social issues through literatures, oneRead MoreThe Marxist Theory Of Marxist Criticism757 Words   |  4 Pagesin the text. Interprets the relationship between classes. The text is viewed as a social institution, and then dominant class struggles are brought to life through the themes of the text. The author can put these class struggles into the text unknowingly because they have underlying biases and prejudices that have have experienced in their own lives. A major power imbalance becomes present when the nature of reality (Class struggle) in the text is realized. History: â€Å"Marxist criticism.† The Twentieth-CenturyRead MoreThe Benefits of Virtual Technology in Education for Children with Special Needs1310 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Education for children with special needs (disabled children) is the field of education that uses virtual reality to overcome the problems and defects in an artificial environment. Special education in Malaysia was started in 1920 by a handful of volunteers involved in the development of the deaf and blind school. There are three statutory bodies involved in the development of special education in Malaysia Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Unity and Development of the CommunityRead MoreResearch Methodology And Philosophical Perspective1452 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies the positivism and the phenomenologism. Pragmatic supposes that social reality is independent of any human observation. Pragmatic research philosophy has got a support from current scholars such as Cherryhdimes (1992) and Creswell (2003).Pragmatism research as Creswell (2014) defines as a â€Å"consequences of research, the problem, and what works in real-world practice†. From his definition pragmati sm is a mixed between reality and knowledge. Rorty (1991) book described pragmatism as â€Å"the claim thatRead MoreThe Great Impact On Intellectual And Artistic Endeavors And Theses Ideas Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pageswas changing from a primarily agricultural to an industrialized nation the American intellectual landscapes were changing in equally important ways. New ideas in the worlds of literature, science and philosophy were having great impact on intellectual and artistic endeavors and theses ideas were not just influencing the social elites but also America’s growing mass of ordinary, literate citizens. This influence would set in motion a change in mass direction for the United States. What will be seenRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been By Joyce Carol Oates990 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Reality: An Analysis of â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† by Joyce Carol Oates Joyce Carol Oates has kept her true inspiration behind â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† in order to create a willing suspension of disbelief between realism and fantasy. The short story by Oates was released soon after the newspaper published the murders committed by Charles Schmid Jr. in 1966. The story displays numerous resembling details that match the real-life murder case involving â€Å"TheRead MoreMiguel de Cervantes: The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha1794 Words   |  7 PagesGentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (usually abbreviated to Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes places his work at the top of the global canon of literature. Internationally recognised as Cervantes’s masterpiece, the work was published in the early seventeenth century during the European Renaissance period, hallmarking the Spanish Golden Age of literature as â€Å"the first modern novel† in the history of writing. One may naturally wonder then, what exac tly are the radical components of Don Quixote thatRead MoreLearning Reflection And Impact Of Literature1585 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Reflection and Impact of Literature on Life Reading literature is a lot like conducting a laboratory experiment. While in real life, the individual might not be able to create circumstances where they play the role of a villain, jilted lover or a good person, authentic literature provides opportunities for one to carry out these experiments in human existences without having to play different roles in his daily life. Literature, through its honest rendering of diverse characters, helps

Upton Sinclair s The Jungle - 2164 Words

The Jungle’s purpose is to illustrate just what happens when the American Dream does not come true. It is not for a lack of determination that its protagonist does not succeed with abundance -- nor ethic or spirit; he merely falls victim to a system in which those at the top succeed with abundance at the severe expense of those left with nothing at the bottom. The book’s author, Upton Sinclair, sought to show America the cost of its capitalist system. Born into a poor family with wealthy relatives, Sinclair was aware of social and economic disparity in America from a young age (The Jungle v). The Jungle is the result of Upton Sinclair working undercover for seven weeks in Chicago’s meatpacking industry in 1904, as well as the socialist†¦show more content†¦These early moments of jubilee in the book provide a very effective contrast to the book’s main themes of human misery and powerlessness as the life of Jurgis falls apart piece by piece. Following this wedding sequence the book catches its readers up on the status of Jurgis and the rest during the six months prior. A man of strong build, it did not take long for Jurgis to find work in the Chicago stockyards sweeping cow entrails into waste chutes on the killing floors of Brown’s slaughterhouse. The mechanics of the slaughterhouse are communicated with vivid detail – so much so that it is no wonder they became the primary subject readers latched onto when the book originally released. Among the most interesting slaughterhouse descriptions which Sinclair provides is that of the concept of â€Å"speeding up†, in which workers in certain positions at the slaughterhouse are trained and paid more to work faster in order to set the pace of the slaughterhouse’s disassembly machine and achieve a higher output. This exemplifies one of Sinclair’s issues with capitalism. In a capitalist society, the poor are kept in need, which makes them explo itable. Because there were many unemployed people looking for work at the stockyards at any given time, not performing at the dangerous pace set by others often meant giving up your job to someone more capable of or willing toShow MoreRelatedUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Haitians. Upton Sinclair seemed to have a similar view of the Lithuanian immigrants of the 1800s. Upton Sinclair is the author of The Jungle, a book that follows a family of Lithuanian immigrants as they travel to and try to make their way in America. Sinclair used the book to speak out about the issues of America through the eyes of immigrants, including the economic system and the corruption within the government. The question this paper is required to answer is if Upton Sinclair adequately portrayedRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1832 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough time and meet the author of â€Å"The Jungle†, Upton Sinclair, who will help us to open our eyes how everything was chaos and improved in the Progressive Era. And in that book, we can also see many faces and colors of the social American world had back then. Thanks to Upton Sinclair, because he drew a painting about things worked in the Progressive Era, we could imagine how and live back when America was in the Progressive Era. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who examined the riseRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jungle and Today Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, follows the life of Jurgis Rudkus, his Lithuanian family, and friends who all recently immigrated to Chicago in search of a better life. Jurgis, Ona, and the rest of their family find jobs in Packington, the meatpacking industry of Chicago. Quickly they discover the difficulties of surviving in the United States during the early 1900’s through financial troubles, unreliable work, illness, and swindling. Through his novel, Sinclair exploitsRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1843 Words   |  8 Pagesfamous people inspire authors to write books written about their achievements, however Upton Sinclair Junior did it backwards. Some of his ninety novels including an autobiography, and in particular The Jungle, changed America forever by using fictitious stories to depict the present issues at that time. Upton Sinclair was an author and activist in the early to mid 1900’s who was passionate about issues involving women s rights, w orking conditions, and the unemployed. He wrote over ninety books in hisRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter life. However, this â€Å"better life† was not just given upon arrival, immigrants were not told the horrid experiences, and backbreaking hour, they would face in search for a better life. There is no better representation of this than Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, this book is a very accurate representation of the life of the vast majority of people within the United States. During the time when this book was written there were few jobs, and the jobs that were obtainable were mostly factory jobsRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe Jungle Upton Sinclair, an American writer and reformer, was born on September 20, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. Both of Sinclair’s parents came from prominent families, but Sinclair grew up impoverished because of an alcoholic father. Throughout his childhood, Sinclair lived in conditions that varied from slums to country homes but sometimes his father would spend all the family’s money on alcohol forcing Sinclair and his mother to live with his mother’s wealthy sister in order to surviveRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1630 Words   |  7 PagesWritten at the turn of the 20th century, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle took place in an era of unprecedented advancement in civilization where the American economy had risen to become one of the wealthiest on the planet. However, Sinclair asserts that the rise of capitalist America resulted in the virulent corruption and competition that plighted society into an untamed â€Å"jungle.† Shown by the corruption o f the Chicago meatpacking industry, Sinclair highlights the repulsive filth of human greed thatRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesUpton Sinclair took interest in fiction at an early age by writing fiction stories as a young boy to writing adventure stories and jokes to help support himself through college. He was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943 and focused on writing fiction stories about real world industrialist views. Upton Sinclair’s fiction â€Å"The Jungle† entwines the reality of the dangerous and legal conditions of meat industry workers and consumers in Chicago while narrating the lower-class lifestyleRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle986 Words   |  4 PagesUpton Sinclair’s The Jungle is an unashamed example of the journalistic style known as muckraking. Sinclair researched the conditions being fought against during the Progressive Era and painted a picture in literary form for the ignorant read ers. The consumerism that taped into the greed of industrialists is drawn out many times. This greed, in turn, drove down the American Standard of living in almost every aspect. With every corner of hope demolished, a path was laid out for all to follow, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle 2028 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I aimed for the public’s hearts, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.† This quote was in response to the reaction of Upton Sinclair’s ground breaking exposà ©, â€Å"The Jungle†. On February 26, 1906 Sinclair shocked the Nation by exposing the horrors of slaughter houses and meat packing plants. Thousands of people have died from food-borne illnesses. E-coli, along with other diseases resulting from filthy food processing was revealed as the murderer. As shocking as it might have been back then

Various Sources of International Law

Question: What International Law is, and the various sources of international law? Answer: International law is the set of rules which have to be followed by the different countries of the world while dealing with each other. In this regard, there are three separate legal processes that are present under International Law. These are Public, Private and the Supranational Law. The public international law deals with the relationship among the sovereign states and the international bodies like the International Criminal Court. On the other hand, the private international law is related with the question of jurisdiction in conflict. Similarly the supranational Law provides a set of collective laws that are voluntarily followed by the sovereign states. In this way, the set of rules that are provided by the international law are generally considered an accepted as binding by the States. International law provides a framework that can be used for maintaining stable and organized relations between different countries of the world. The difference that is present between internation al law and the domestic law of different countries of the world is that the international law mainly applies to various nations instead of being applicable to be private citizens. In some cases, the domestic law may also be treated as international law when international jurisdiction is dedicated to the supranational tribunals, for example the International Criminal Court or the European Court of Human Rights. However, the pacts like the Geneva Convention may also need that the respective parts should confirm to the national law. Sources: Article 38(1), Statute of International Court of Justice provides the most significant statement related with these sources. On the basis of this statute, the major sources can be described as:- (i) International treaties or conventions (ii) International customs (iii) General principles of law: These general principles are considered as the source of international law because these principles are recognized by all the states and also by all the legal systems. In this way, these general principles forward the principles of justice and equity. These basic principles are indisputable and they also provide the mechanism in which those international issues can be addressed which are not already subject to binding customary rules or treaty provisions. (iv) Judicial decisions as well as the writings of eminent jurists (v) Reason and Equity (Ex aequo et bono) (vi) Custom: Apart from these, it has been mentioned in the Statute of ICJ in Article 38(1) that international customs are also recognized as being the international laws sources. In this regard, the Statute mentions that the international customs provide the evidence regarding the general practice that has been accepted by law. There are other source of international law as well. These can be described as:- (vii) Draft Conventions (viii) Equity and Justice (ix) Legally binding resolutions passed by international organizations (x) State Practices I Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (OUP 2008) Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on International Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth Janis, Mark W. 1988. An Introduction to International Law. Boston: Little, Brown. Pagden, Anthony (1991). Vitoria: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). UK: Cambridge University Press References I Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (OUP 2008) Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on International Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth Pagden, Anthony (1991). Vitoria: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). UK: Cambridge University Press Janis, Mark W. 1988. An Introduction to International Law. Boston: Little, Brown.

United Nations Essays (765 words) - International Security

United Nations The United Nations 1. As far as peace keeping methods go, the reputation of the United Nations is very pitiable. This is not only because they have not been doing their job to it's fullest extent, but also because the member states on the security council haven't given the UN the power it needs if it is to be a successful force in peace keeping methods. 2. The United Nation idea was first brought to head during World War II, when 26 nations of the world pledged to work together as one. The United Nations was officially operational as of the 24th of October 1951, with a minor 51 countries signing the UN charter. A stable base was set-up in New York. 3. The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a general assembly, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the trainee council. All have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success. 4. The Security Council is the council in charge of the peacekeeping side of the United Nations. The Security Council contained 15 countries in 1995. The countries were Argentina, Botswana, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria, Oman, Russian Federation, Rwanda, UK and the U.S. China, France, UK, U.S and Russia are all permanent heads of the council. There are over 50 countries now listed in the Security Council. 5. The UN can be so ineffective because they do not have the power they would like to have. The United Nations have no power under the current charter to simply waltz into a countries disputes with out any permission being granted. Both countries must invite the UN in, but the Security Council must also agree with this as well. The countries involved in the Security Council must also provide the necessary manpower quickly. This takes time and hinders the UN's power. 6. Somalia ? In 1992, after 23 months of Barre's rain there was an estimated 300,000 people who died of starvation. A vanguard of UN peacekeeping forces was sent in to restore order. The UN soon organised international agencies so that food from all the member states could be transported directly to Somalia. The UN mission became mired in 1993 as violence broke out. The UN was force to take necessary action and they targeted the powerful clan leader Mohammad Farrah Aidid. They saw him as the biggest threat to peace in Somalia. Despite the UN's huge efforts peace was not fully restored, but an estimated 300,000 lives were saved. A victory in it's self. Iran-Iraq War ? In 1980 Iraq invaded Iran and all hell broke loose. The world was furious at this, and the United Nations knew they had to do something, but they did not have the authority. Although most of the fighting was left up to the Americans, the achievement that the UN got out of this war was that it put forward a cease-fire on the war in 1988. Rwanda ? In 1994 the United Nations peace force was already stationed in Rwanda because of a previous conflict. Soon after the UN settled one conflict another started because Rwanda and Burundi's presidents were killed. This started a wave of ethnic violence and the UN was forced to take force. In July the UN organised a cease-fire. The government blocked the borders and several confrontations broke out resulting in thousands of deaths. In 1996 the UN cleared the borders and the refugee's started coming back in to their country, not fearing death anymore. This was another victory for the UN peacekeeping force. 7. To help the UN with its responsibilities I think that every country should be involved in the UN Security Council and be made to sign the charter. Not only would this cure the quarrelling problems that some countries