How to Make and Keep an Appointment in German

No matter if you are arranging a first date or a dentist appointment, the etiquette of punctuality is famous in Germany. This article will teach you more about how to make appointments in Germany and express suitable arrangements in German. Calendar Dates and Clock Times in German Lets start with fixing a date. Dates of the month are described with a system called ordinal numbers. If you need a refresher, you can review vocabulary for months, days, and seasons. In Spoken German For numbers up to 19, add the suffix -te  to the number. After 20, the suffix is -ste. The trickiest part of getting your suffix right is to notice that it will change depending on the case and gender of your sentence. For example, look at these two sentences: Example: Ich mà ¶chte am vierten Januar in Urlaub fahren. — I would like to go on holiday on the 4th January.Der vierte Februar ist noch frei. — The fourth of February is still free. The ending changes are in line with how an adjectives endings change as its used in a sentence. In Written German Expressing ordinal numbers in written German is a lot easier since there is no need to adjust the suffix to case and gender. For dates in the calendar, simply add a dot after the number. Note that the German calendar format is dd.mm.yyyy. Treffen wir uns am 31.10.? — Are we meeting on 10/31?*Leider kann ich nicht am 31. Wie wà ¤re es mit dem 3.11.? — Unfortunately I cant make it on the 31st. How about 11/3? How to Set a Time The second part of making your appointment is setting a suitable time. If you want to leave the suggestion up to your conversation partner, you can ask: Um wieviel Uhr passt es Ihnen am Besten? — What time is best for you? For a firmer suggestion, the following phrases will be useful:   Wie sieht es um 14 Uhr aus? — How does 2 pm look?Kà ¶nnen Sie/Kannst du um 11:30? — Can you make it at 11:30?Wie wà ¤re es um 3 Uhr nachmittags? — How about 3 pm? Germans are early risers, by the way. The standard working day runs from 8 am to 4 pm, with an hour of lunch break allowed. School days also start at 8 am. In formal environments and written language, Germans will speak in terms of the 24-hour clock, but colloquially its also common to hear times of the day described in the 12-hour format. If you would like to suggest a meeting at 2 pm, 14 Uhr  or 2 Uhr nachmittags  or 2 Uhr  can all be considered appropriate. Its best to take the cue from your conversation partner. Punctuality Equals Politeness According to the stereotype, Germans are particularly offended by tardiness. The oft-quoted saying Pà ¼nktlichkeit ist die Hà ¶flichkeit der Kà ¶nige  (punctuality is the politeness of kings) sums up what your German friends or colleagues may think. So how late is too late? According to the etiquette guide, Knigge arriving just on time is what you should aim for, and zu frà ¼h is auch unpà ¼nktlich. Too early is unpunctual, too. So in other words, ensure that you calculate travel times correctly and dont be late. Of course, a one-off will be forgiven and calling ahead if it looks as though you wont manage to arrive on time is highly recommended. In fact, the matter goes even deeper than a simple time delay. In the German-speaking world, appointments are considered as firm promises. No matter if you are committing to dinner at a friends house or a business meeting, backing out at the last minute will be taken as a gesture of disrespect. In short, the best tip for making a good impression in Germany is always to turn up on time and be well prepared for any meeting. And by on time, they mean not early and not late.

The 5 Most Common Writing Mistakes of ESL Students

There are certain mistakes that tend to be made by almost all English learners - and some native speakers - at some time or another. Most of these mistakes can be easily avoided. It is my hope that this article will help you identify these mistakes, and provide the information you need to stop you from making these mistakes when writing online. 1. Use of Indefinite / Definite Articles (the, a, an) Knowing when to use definite or indefinite articles can be difficult. Here are some of the most important rules to remember when using definite and indefinite articles. Indefinite articles are used (a, an) the first time something is presented in a sentence.Use indefinite articles with anything that is not specifically known to BOTH the writer and the reader.Related to the first two: Use a definite article when referring to something that has already been mentioned.Conversely, Use a definite article (the) when referring to an object which is known to both the writer and the reader.Use no definite or indefinite article (nothing, in other words) when speaking in general using a plural with a countable noun, or the singular with a uncountable noun. Here are five examples of these mistakes, in order, for each type listed above. I live in the apartment, close to the supermarket.Id like to go to the good restaurant.I stayed in the hotel near the park. The hotel was very nice, and a park had some wonderful paths.Remember a presentation we went to last week?The apples are generally very tasty in season. Here are the sentences corrected: I live in an apartment, close to a supermarket. (Note that I know the apartment and supermarket, but you, the listener / reader, do not.)Id like to go to a good restaurant.I stayed in a hotel near a park. The hotel was very nice, and the park had some wonderful paths.Remember the presentation we went to last week?Apples are generally very tasty in season. 2. Capitalize I and National Adjectives / Nouns / Names of Languages and the First Word of a New Sentence The rules of capitalization in English are confusing. However, the most common capitalization mistakes that occur are with national adjectives, nouns and names of languages. Remember these rules to help you avoid this type of capitalization mistake. Capitalize ICapitalize nations, national nouns and adjectives - French, Russian, English, Italy, Canadian, etc.Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a new sentence or questionDo NOT capitalize common nouns, nouns are only capitalized if they are the name of somethingCapitalize proper names of people, institutions, festivals, etc. Here is an example that applies to the last two points. I go to university. (common noun - university)BUTI go to the University of Texas. (noun used as proper name) Here are five examples, in order, for each type of mistake listed above. Jack comes from Ireland, but i come from the US.I dont speak chinese, but I speak a little french.where do you come from?He bought a new Bicycle for his birthday.Lets visit maria this afternoon. Here are the sentences corrected: Jack comes from Ireland, but I come from the US.I dont speak Chinese, but I speak a little French.Where do you come from?He bought a new bicycle for his birthday.Lets visit Maria this afternoon. 3. Slang and Texting Language Many English learners, especially young English learners like to use slang and texting language online. The idea behind this is good: learners want to show that they understand and can use idiomatic language. However, using this sort of idiomatic language can lead to many mistakes. The easiest way to deal with this problem is to no use texting language or slang in a blog post, comment or other online written communication. Texting is fine if you are texting, otherwise it should not be used. Any type of longer written communication should not use slang. Slang is used in spoken English, not in written communication. 4. Use of Punctuation English learners sometimes have problems when placing punctuation marks. I often receive e-mails, and see posts in which there are no spaces before or after punctuation marks. The rule is simple: Place a punctuation mark (.,:;!?) immediately after the last letter of a word followed by a space. Here are some examples: They visited Paris,London,Berlin and New York. Id like to have some pasta , and a steak . Simple mistake, simple correction! They visited Paris, London, Berlin and New York. Id like to have some pasta, and a steak. 5. Common Mistakes in English I admit this is actually more than one mistake. However, there are a number of common mistakes made in English. Here are the top three common mistakes in English that are often found in writing. Its or Its - Its it is / Its possessive form. Remember when you see an apostrophe () there is a missing verb! Then or Than - Than is used in the comparative form (Its bigger than my house!) Then is used as a time expression (First you do this. Then you do that.)Good or Well - Good is the adjective form (Thats a good story!) Well is the adverb form (He plays tennis well.) Here are six examples, two for each in order, for each type of mistake listed above. He attributed his success to its appeal to children.I think its time to discuss this question in more detail.The government decided it would cost more money to change policy then to leave current law stand.She can first finish her homework, than go to practice.How good do you speak German?I think hes well public speaker. Here are the sentences corrected: He attributed his success to its appeal to children.I think its time to discuss this question in more detail.The government decided it would cost more money to change policy than to leave current law stand.She can first finish her homework, then go to practice.How well do you speak German?I think hes good public speaker.

The Limits Of Friendship By Maria Konnikova - 1126 Words

In â€Å"The Limits of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, social media has significantly changed the way we interact with friends and family. Everybody thinks that using social media is the best way to talk to friends and family, however, in my opinion, they are wrong because it doesn’t give you the face-to-face connections we need as humans for social interaction. On the other hand, the great thing about using social media is you can connect with more people, but in a superficial kind of way. Therefore, we do not get the face-to-face interactions with our friends and family. We, the people that are addicted to social media, learn that without face-to-face conversations we wouldn’t have a normal â€Å"social† life outside of social media. The question†¦show more content†¦The brain is incredibly plastic, and, from past research on social interaction, we know that early childhood experience is crucial in developing those parts of the brain that are la rgely dedicated to social interaction, empathy, and other interpersonal concerns† (239). The Dunbar number is the maximum number of people an average person can have in her social group is 150. This number might change because of the way social media has been growing. We have 150 casual friends, 50 close friends, 15 friends you can turn to for sympathy, and 5 best friends and family. When we use technology to interact with others, we lose the ability to express the right emotions that you would express in a face-to-face conversation. When you tell someone how you feel over social media, it is entirely different than how you would tell it to them in person. Emotions that are expressed over social media, can be taken a completely different way than it would be taken if the conversation was face-to-face. For example, if you were having a conversation with a close friend, if you said something sarcastic like â€Å"You are such a weirdo.† That message could mean it is funny to you but it could be offensive to the person you are texting. In â€Å"The Limits of Friendship†, Konnikova says â€Å"We do have a social-media equivalent-sharing, liking, knowing that all your friends have looked atShow MoreRelatedThe Limits Of Friendship By Maria Konnikova And We Are A Camera By Nick Paumgarten1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe world we live in is a very competitive one. To be successful, in this world one needs to have the connections so that one can succeed in life. In â€Å"The Limits of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova and â€Å"We are a Camera† by Nick Paumgarten, we see that technology can help build these connections. It is through these connections that One way these connections help make people successful is through our close interpersonal connections, modern day technology, and social media. These three outlets are modemsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, who is a psychologist and a creative writer from the Columbia University explores the Dunbar’s theoretical number of a friend that one could have in their life. Konnikova informs people about her colleague Robin Dunbar’s research how social networking is affecting socialization along with your actual friends. RobinRead MoreFace Against Face And Sns Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral limitations such as place and time in terms of making friends. Even the tremendous social person, there are limits to how many people they can meet directly in their short life. In addition, some studies have indicated that our capacity about the number that people can call friends as casual friends is a hundred and fifty (Konnikova, 2014). In other words, the limit of friendship is a hundred and fifty with face to face, and more than this number is almost impossible for people to continue keepingRead MoreIs Art A Waste Of Time?1557 Words   |  7 Pagessupport that art has had for countless people. Music, in particular, is part of nearly all cultures and is instrumental in creating situations in which people strengthen friendships through shared experiences. Maria Konnikova writes about the importance of shared experiences to human relationships in her essay â€Å"The Limits of Friendship.† She discusses research that shows that in-person experiences are essential to developing strong relationships. As such, art and artistic expression can be essentialRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Brain1224 Words   |  5 Pagesworse. Robin Marantz Henig in her essay â€Å"What is it about 20-Somethings† writes of a developing phenomenon that could become a new stage of life, â€Å"emerging adulthood†, and whether supporting it is the right idea. In the article â€Å"The Limits of Friendship†, Maria Konnikova discusses the Dunbar number and its relevance in modern times, where social media has become increasingly prevalent, enough so that it could begin replacing face-to-face communication. In â€Å"The Neuroscience of the University Classroom†Read MoreThe Go Pro Is Like Brownie And The Polaroid963 Words   |  4 Pagesbut our brain is still going a mile a minute. Even though using social media is a wonderful form of technology, and there is no limit to what our brain is capable of doing. In the article Limits of Friendship Maria Konnikova who has a PH.D in Psychology, touched on her views of the brains capacity, of how many virtual friends our brain can retain at one time. Konnikova noted that with the help of the Social Media Facebook, Instagram, Skype, twitter, etec., it s very possible to have an unlimited

Why Algebra Should Be Considered Prudent - 1358 Words

While taking algebra, students are exposed to abstract thinking by making decisions based on given information. When they apply for a job or participate in a work setting, the employers will look for these abstract thinking skills. In the article, â€Å"Should Algebra Required† which appeared in the New York Times, Hacker states that algebra as a requisite is an obstacle for many students to graduate from college. Hacker indicates that algebra should be considered prudent because it â€Å"develops student’s problem solving skills, which involve step-by-step analysis† (2012). Based on that, this step-by-step analysis skill is important in several career settings, including but not limited to the following fields: law, medical, and mathematics. However, further research shows that even occupations such as electricians, upholsters, and plumbers that do not require a college degree must have some type of background in mathematical and reading skills. If as a society we consider to lower academic standards, then we will face the consequences in our nation, especially with the immense competition in the new global economy. As a citizen, scientist, or simply a human being, one must prepare our mental abilities to be able to understand abstract thinking in different disciplines in order to make the proper connections between problems and solutions. At times, abstract math is best used when trying to picture a mathematical problem in the real world. Ed Yong from National Geographic statesShow MoreRelatedMathematics Is Essential For Life1536 Words   |  7 Pagesessential in life. College algebra is a mathematical concept that is currently being used in biomedical, mathematical, physics, and computer science degrees. This subject is considered the foundation for advanced mathematical courses. 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It describes how public sector investments should be assessed at conception or programming stage. The modules introduce the basic concepts behind the appraisal techn iques and their applicability in the Rwandan context. It describes the DCF methodology, the shadow pricing methodology and performanceRead MoreDatabase Design and Implementation38677 Words   |  155 Pagesthe database into production use and perform operational maintenance. 7. Repeat this cycle (probably every ten years or so). Being a visual animal, I have drawn a diagram to represent the database life cycle (Figure 2). Our expectation of databases should not be that we capture a large quantity of data and are done, but rather that we will need to cycle those data through 2 PhyloInformatics 7: 3-66 - 2005 Figure 2. The Database Life Cycle the stages of the database life cycle many timesRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesconceptual framework for this text begins with an investment perspective for guiding managerial strategic decisions regarding human resources. Human resource management practitioners and management scholars have long advocated that human resources should be viewed from an investment perspective. Current practices in many organizations indicate that employees are viewed as valuable investments. However, some still view their employees as variable costs of production, while physical assets are treated

How Is Family Honor Portrayed in the Novels Chronicle of a...

How is family honor portrayed in the novels Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Marquez and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel? Honor can be perceived in different ways – to some it may be the integrity of their beliefs, while to others it may be a source of dignity and social distinction. In the context of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Like Water for Chocolate, which are both set in Latin American cultures, the adherence to family honor and values are viewed as one of the highest moral obligations. Events and characters in both novels revolve around the notion of fulfilling the expectations brought on by the honor of family traditions. This idea of honor and its excessive bearing on morality is a questionable concept†¦show more content†¦In both novels, marriage is seen by society as an obligation of honor rather than an act of love. This is illustrated in Like Water for Chocolate when, after announcing that â€Å"it was impossible for Tita to marry† [Esquivel, pg. 13], Mama Elena stated, â€Å"let me suggest my daughter Rosaura†¦ She is one hundred percent available, and rea dy for marriage† [Esquivel, pg. 13]. The ease in which Mama Elena was able to â€Å"suggest† Rosaura for marriage without even conferring with either of the daughters, along with the italicized â€Å"She†, implies that she has complete control over whether and whom their daughters would marry. This implication portrays marriage as a tool at Mama Elena’s disposal. Furthermore, the context in which she uses the word â€Å"ready† shows that marriage is viewed as a duty which one prepares for, similar to any household chore, this is even illustrated by the characters within the novel when Chencha exclaimed â€Å"Your ma talks about being ready for marriage like she was dishing up a plate of enchiladas!† [Esquivel, pg. 14]. Similarly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the Vicario sisters are described as â€Å"better-reared† and â€Å"perfect† [Esquivel, pg. 31] - referring to their piety and ability to provide for a family. The narrator ironically claimed, â€Å"The brother’s were brought up to be men. The daughters were brought up to be married† – the blatant tone of this

Darwin Symphony Orchestra Target Groups †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Darwin Symphony Orchestra Target Groups? Answer: Introduction The Darwin Symphony Orchestrais a large instrumental ensemblethat is based in Darwin, Australia. It was established in the year 1989. It has successfully maintained its presence in its industry and it has performed in numerous parts of the globe including Jabiru, Tennant Creek, Alice Springs, Groote Eylandt, etc. Its activities in the community play an important role in enriching the Australian culture. It performs 8 concerts on an annual basis. It includes over 65 volunteer musicians in its group who live and work inside the Darwin community. It believes in holding concerts at most remote locations and crosses all kinds of cultural boundaries (Assefa, Hermes Meesters, 2013). The orchestrais involved in exhilarating events that bring a diverse set of musicians and artists on the forefront and provide a dynamic and engaging experience to the community. It is vital to understand their marketing skills and strategies in a number of contexts like business to business activity and business to consumer activity. As per Bolton, Santos Scheinkman, this assessment activity will help to understand Darwin Symphony Orchestras marketing situation and various kinds of challenges that if faces in the current business scenario. It also focuses on the different target groups of the orchestra team (Bolton, Santos Scheinkman, 2016). The marketing mix which is a crucial aspect of any business enterprising existing in the market has been identified so that different strategies can be understood which has helped it to have a sustainable growth in the ever-changing external environment. In the current times when many orchestras are going bankrupt and shutting their business, the strong performance of Darwin Symphony Orchestrais mainly due to its effective marketing tactics which will be covered below. Darwin symphony orchestra Target Groups As per Charwand, et al, one of the most significant marketing activities of the orchestra marketers is the identification of appropriate target groups in the existing market. This activity is important since it moulds the business further marketing model and operations. The core for the existence of the Darwin symphony orchestra and its live performances of masterpieces is its target group (Charwand, et al., 2015). The target groups of the orchestra mostly focuses on the entire market comprising of individuals and groups that are interested in this specific art form. It comprises of different kinds of stakeholders encompassing children, youth, adults, disabled patrons, potential and existing music composers, media, local community, funding bodies, local and national government, etc. The orchestra group also focus on maintaining a health public relation so that the news media will give a proper coverage for its events and activities (Day, Harris Wassink, 2013). Key target groups The key target groups include a variety of set of sections that influence the performance of the orchestra. The audiences are one of the most significant stakeholders of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra since the orchestra exists to serve them. Some of the important target groups of the popular Australian continent have been covered in this section. Audience According to Droli, et al, the target audience includes the core audience, first-time orchestra visitors, non committed members, special occasion audience, high potentials, etc. The audience includes people from different age groups including children, adults, middle-aged audience, elder generation audience, etc. (Droli, et al., 2014). Its huge target audience focus helps it to have a sustainable growth in the ever-changing market. Its focus on a diverse and culturally significant model helps it to target the entire market which includes thousands of music lovers. Media The unique and bold projects that are conducted by the orchestra at various remote locations like Uluru, etc increase the role of media like journalists, news agents from around the world who cover the story. Its focus on a variety of musical taste and style amuses this section of the target market (Duncan, 2016). Local-based arts organisationsThe Darwin Symphony Orchestras collaboration with different art organisations and educational institutes offers different opportunities for the Australian community to engage with this orchestra group like participating in its frequent performance with the community music, dance ensembles. Its regular association with indigenous artists adds to its diversified performance (Fung, Zhou Zhu, 2016). State and Federal Government These bodies are vital for the sustainable existence of the Darwin Symphony orchestra since a major part of its funds come from the state and federal government of Australia. Market Buyer behaviour of Business to Customer Market As per Game Gregoriou, the business to customer model is a vital model which focuses on the transactions that occur between a business undertaking and a customer. It is vital to understand this concept in the Darwin Symphony Orchestrascenario so that accordingly an effective marketing mix system can be devised (Game Gregoriou, 2016). It is vital in this scenario to understand the buying behaviours of the end-users or audience of the orchestra. This concept basically focuses on the audience group including the music lovers who come to enjoy the performances. Key Concepts and Theories The buyer decision-making process involves a number of sub processes like to understand the innate desire to watch a musical performance with family, friends, etc, the process of searching and gathering information relating to the available options in hand like kinds of orchestra performance, musical concerts, etc, evaluating and choosing out of the various entertainment options available at hand, deciding the best alternative which meets his needs and desires, finally making the purchase of the specific service in order to have an enriching experience and finally making a post-purchase evaluation to understand whether the purchase decision was right or wrong. According to Hamadani Janes, Patrick Dotsika, the Darwin Symphony orchestra takes all these processes into consideration before devising its marketing strategy to attract the customers in the market. The customer motivation is a vital aspect which refers to the inner-drive of the customer i.e. audience in this case which creates his inclination towards arts and creative performances. Generally the attribute of the orchestra audience is their liking for artistic performance (Hamadani Janes, Patrick Dotsika, 2014).The perception that the people have towards the Darwin Symphony orchestra plays a vital role for its sustainable growth in the market. Since it offers a delightful experience to its target groups by focusing on a diversified portfolio of activities, the customers or audiences have a positive perception regarding its creative performances. As per Hes Polednkov, the customer-set gain knowledge about the orchestra and its performance from various sources including different forms of media such as journalists, news channels, agents, family and friends who have visited the Darwin Symphony orchestra before. These inputs give them an idea about the kind of performances that are conducted by the group and its unique attributes (Hes Polednkov, 2013). The group and social influencing factors also plays a vital role in the buying behaviour of a customer. Positive and favourable reviews motivate the customer to visit the orchestra and have a firsthand experience of the quality performances, concerts and events that are conducted by the Darwin Symphony orchestra. Importance of Psychological theory related to buying behaviour B2C The various psychological aspects play a vital role in the overall buying behaviour of the customer. It includes aspects like motivation and need, perception, attention, retention, learning and conditioning and beliefs and attitude. This is a vital aspect for any marketer including the Darwin Symphony orchestra since it determines their sustainability in the external market environment. Motivation The motivation factor for the audience of Darwin Symphony orchestra would be the inclination and liking of diverse events and performances that are conducted by the orchestra group. This is not a very basic need in the Maslow's hierarchical pyramid of needs so its priority is not very high. Perception, Attention, Retention This aspect of the psychological theory relates to the impression that the consumers have about an offering in the market based on information. The Darwin Symphony orchestra has the strong reputation of delivering enriching and rich performances which are loved by its audience group. This work of mouth helps it to have a positive and strong position in the minds of the consumers. Learning and Conditioning The advertisement and media coverage aspect of a business helps consumers to make decisions whether to select its product or not. Darwin Symphony orchestra always fascinates the media with its unique events and location selection strategy. The media highly appreciates and tries to cover all its concerts, shows to help it gain a stronger customer base in the market. Belief and Attitude The Darwin Symphony orchestra has successfully created a strong brand which helps the audience and customers to belief in its delivery of service. It creates strong values which attracts customers in form of audiences to its business. As per Kumar, the other personal factors that influence the buying behaviour of the customer section of the overall community include their personality, emotional aspects, behaviour and attitude. These internal attributes that are inbuilt in an individual encourage or discourage a customer to try out something new that is available in the market scenario (Kumar, 2013). So the positive inclination towards art or musical form encourages the audience group to visit one of the most popular orchestra present in Australia - Darwin Symphony Orchestra. Darwin Symphony Orchestra model According to Kumar Nordin, the impressive set of activities that are conducted by the orchestra group such as indoor symphonic shows, free outdoor family-oriented activities, etc make sure that some activity or the other, suits the tastes of every participant of the community. It allows the masses to experience the majesty of the symphony orchestra in the modern times and environment (Kumar Nordin, 2014, July). This orchestra adopts a strong tradition of advocating the Australian arts, culture and music. Its emphasis on the value of accessibility, community volunteering and energetic ambience has played a vital role for enabling the orchestra group to flourish for over 25 long years. The Darwin Symphony Orchestra has slowly and steadily established itself as one of the most diverse and culturally influencing orchestra or musical association that focuses on its entire audience group from different corners of the location (Lee, McNulty Shaffer, 2015). Events held by Darwin Symphony Orchestra Some of the creative events held by the Australian orchestra group have been included in this section so that it would give a better understanding of their tactic to satisfy the needs and desire of the general audience (Mbawuni Nimako, 2014). The orchestra performs outdoor gala events at its beautiful and glorious setting ofDarwin Waterfront, it conducts a number of symphonic rock tributes which is highly popular among the masses that enjoy rock shows and concerts,it also organises events where kids stories are told through music. It also explores the power of cinema and showcases the most successful pieces from different film composers (Mclaughlin Fearon, 2013). This list just shows its focus on different sections of the customers including children, movie buffs, family-oriented audience, etc. It believes that all its customers should enjoy the classical experience offered by the orchestra and it firmly believes in its ability to enthral the audiences including the young and the old. Recommendations for Marketing Mix in Business to Customer Market The marketing mix of any business undertaking is a crucial marketing tool which directly influences the performance of the business in the market. In the specific case relating to the Darwin Symphony Orchestra the below marketing mix elements namely product, price, place and promotion have been recommended that can enhance its business to a greater degree. Product The events of the orchestra group are already unique in nature but it should also try to highlight the cultural aspects of other places and locations so the audience within the community will be exposed to different kinds of cultural models that are present in the current time. This feature in its events will further arouse the interest of the foreign people who live in the continent (Meyer, 2014). Price The orchestra group can introduce a broader range of the prices of its tickets so that its performances can be enjoyed by a greater section of the society. This strategy will further enhance its position and presence in the market. Place The Darwin Symphony Orchestra can focus on conducting shows and events in more number of locations which will help it to strengthen its presence in the entire Australian continent. Promotion The orchestra group can try to increase its association with the active and popular musical artists who perform in the entertainment industry since this kind of strategy will expand its overall presence and recognition quality. All the above recommendations relating to the marketing mix of Darwin Symphony Orchestracan be adopted in its marketing strategy and business environment in order to have a better and effective presence. Market Buyer behaviour of Business to Business model As per Mukerjee, the business to business marketing model is very different from the business to customer concept. When a business, in this case the popular Darwin Symphony orchestra focuses on a specific business instead of an individual customer it adopts the business-to-business marketing model. This aspect itself increases its performance and operation magnitude in the external business environment. In the situation where there are two or more business entities the transaction value increases (Mukerjee, 2013). Since every market has two segments namely consumer market and business market, it is vital for the Darwin Symphony orchestra to identify its business markets and analyse the business buying behaviour (Ortiz, 2014). It is vital to understand that the business buying behaviour of an entity is influenced by a series of external and internal factors such as economic health, business entity, individual and other interpersonal elements. Key Elements of buyer behaviour According to Osula Ng, the economic factors that affect the business to business model of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra include the changes in the regulatory system, technological innovations, competition intensity, monetary policy and fiscal policy in the economy. Its business customers are pretty active in tracking and assessing the number of economic elements that exist in the business environment (Osula Ng, 2014). The internal firm-level factors also play a major role in influencing their buying behaviour, for example size of business, financial strength, etc. It is crucial to identify and analyse the various elements which play a key role to influence the buying behaviour of the business customers of Darwin Symphony Orchestra. The buying process that is involved in this particular marketing model is based on much rational grounds as compared to the business to customer system. There is no case of impulse buying in this scenario since a large number of factors and their bearing on the business has to be considered before a business entity becomes a customer of an orchestra business, in this case Darwin Symphony Orchestra (Pietrasie?ski ?lusarczyk, 2015). Some of the vital and common business customers of Darwin Symphony Orchestra include their location partners who give them the desired platform to perform on, different educational institutions, domestic and territory-based arts organisations, etc. Importance of Psychological theory related to buying behaviour B2B In the business to business context, the psychological aspects play a less vital role in the overall buying behaviour of the business customer. The overall concept remains similar since it involves the identification of need, product specification and evaluation of suppliers, purchase decision and post purchase behaviour. But it is not related to the psychological aspects but business-oriented aspects. Need Identification It is vital irrespective of the fact whether buyer is a business or a customer. Businesses are able to proactively identify their need since it is part of their overall business strategy. Example The business which offers a background to the orchestra will analyse its performance trend in market and accordingly decide to have a business relation. Product specification and evaluation of suppliers It has no psychological impact since businesses mainly focus on money-making activity and maintaining profitability in market. Purchase decision The purchase decision is based on the actual needs which can enhance their market position in the market so in such situation there is minimum psychological impact while selecting an offering in the market. Thus the psychological theories are more relevant in the business to customer market instead of the business too business market. Unpacking buyer behaviour model The proper and effective assessment of the buying behaviour is vital for any business entity that exists in the market. This activity can determine its overall business operations and productivity in the entire market. For the Darwin Symphony Orchestra group it is vital to understand and analyse its business buyer elements and characteristics and the business buyer decision-making process (PLC, 2015). This model is crucial to understand the buyer behaviour and according bring about relevant changes that can be attractive for the purchasing party. The business to business activity is basically a change management process where the buying entities have a strong bias or dislike against changing marketing conditions. Mostly sales-related issues or dysfunctionality arises due to large and diverse buying team members that influence the overall buying decision-making process (Rajaretnam Young, 2015). The unpacking buyer behaviour framework has significant impact on the overall execution efficacy and business results of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra in the prevailing business environment. Structure description of buyer behaviour The analysis of the buying behaviour of the customer group, whether it is an individual customer or a business entity is vital for all business firms that operate in the current environment. This aspect is vital to understand whether the existence of the business is valuable or not for its customers. It is vital in the business to customer context and in the business to business context. This vital component is crucial for the Darwin Symphony Orchestras performances since based on the decision-making process of its customers the Australian orchestra group introduce the event and concert theme. It is crucial to identify and understand all the underlying structures that are involved in the entire buyer behaviour while selecting a product or service in the huge market (Salem, et al., 2013). In theoretical language, the buyer behaviour refers to the buying habits of the individual customers or a cluster of customers which includes their perception, needs and wants or desires, decision-making factor and satisfaction or delight level. Basically there are four kinds of buyer behaviour models namely economic model, learning theory model, information processing model and psychoanalytic model. For any business undertaking which is operating in the external market conditions in the present unpredictable environment, it is essential to observe and analyse the buying behaviour which keeps on changing based on their tends and needs. In case of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra, the group has effectively sustained in the ever changing musical industry due to its focus on the trend of its customer-base and its sheer determination to provide a diverse and creative performance to its different audience groups. It is vital to analyse each and every structure of the buyer behaviour model so that the business entity can understand the attitude and personality of its customers and change its style of business and operations so that it will not go out of style and will be favourable preferred by its customers(Salerno, et al., 2015). The customer purchasing behaviour is made up of a number of underlying elements like selection process, previous experience, and idea of receiving satisfying experience. The subject relating to the customer behaviour is related to all the aspects of the overall purchasing behaviour. The orchestra audiences are the ones who have a positive inclination towards creative form of arts and it is vital for the Darwin Symphony Orchestra to establish an engaging experience with its audience so that they will be able to have a participation in the specific event or performance (Wheeler Chapman-Novakofski, 2014). Recommendations for Marketing Mix in Business to Business Market The marketing mix includes the vital elements without which a business cannot be established. In case of the business to business market scenario of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra, it is vital to consider the different kinds of external and internal factors that have the ability to influence the business performance in the entire market system. The elements of the marketing mix that have been considered in the current business scenario are product/service, price, place and promotion (Tiago Verssimo, 2014). It is essential to create an effective marketing mix after considering all the features that might have any kind of impact on the business profitability of the Australian orchestra group. Product/ Service In the business to business scenario of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra this segment of marketing mix involves any kind of service that the orchestra group is offering to a business client. Example If it the orchestra band is performing in a museum set-up then the museum firm is its business partner and it might offer to promote the museum in the entire community (Trottier, 2016). Price While fixing or charging the price to a business firm, it is vital for the Darwin Symphony Orchestra group to take into consideration a number of external elements that influence the overall price structure in the market. This is a vital aspect for the orchestra otherwise it might have an adverse impact on the overall performance and profitability of the group (Tiepolo, 2015). Place As per Trottier, the place refers to the location where the business to business transition is carried out by the Darwin Symphony Orchestra and its business partner. It might be a new location where it is conducting its event or performance (Trottier, 2016). Thus it is important for the group to expand its performance base so that this element of the marketing mix can be explored further and it can enhance the overall performance and position of the Australian orchestra group. Promotion The promotion is a vital aspect in the business to business marketing scenario since there is intense competition in the current market environment. Since a number of orchestra groups have gone bankrupt and shut down their business and operations, it is important to understand the promotional strategy adopted by the Darwin Symphony Orchestra which has helped it to perform in a sustainable manner in the business to business context (Wheeler Chapman-Novakofski, 2014). The Australian orchestras focus on innovative, creative and diverse operations has helped it to sustain in the uncertain business environment. The territorial expansion of the orchestra can help it to promote its business and get more recognition in the business to business marketing scene. Darwin Symphony Orchestra application of customer behavioural theory The thorough and effective analysis of the customer behavioural theory is vital to establish a solid and productive marketing mix by the Darwin Symphony Orchestra since it affects and influence its entire operations in the market environment. The behaviour and attitude of the customers is vital since it indicates any kind of change in their taste and preference. This aspect has helped the Australian orchestra group to change the concept of its events and performances as per the changing needs and wants of its target audience group. The application of customer relationship management plays a key role to understand the changing trend in the buying behaviour of the customers. This database helps business firms to assess the loyal base of customers and accordingly helps it to target the people in the entire market so that it can expand its loyal customer base (Tiago Verssimo, 2014). The effective application of the customer behavioural theory helps the Darwin Symphony Orchestra to focus on its marketing mix, and incorporate diverse and creative events, concerts, performances that targets different age group of people including both the young section and the old section (Tiepolo, 2015). This strategy has helped the business to have an effective marketing mix model which helps it to have a sustainable growth in the ever-changing business scenario. Conclusion The vitality of the analysis of the prevailing marketing scenario of any kind of business entity is vital since the theories and concepts remain the same. In this particular case, the marketing scenario relating to the business to customer market and the business to business market of the Darwin Symphony Orchestra has been covered. This topic helps to understand the various elements that should be evaluated to dice on an effective marketing mix of the business concern. 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The Effect of the Slave Trade on West Africa free essay sample

This increase was propelled by ongoing European colonization and the growth of industry in the new world, which created a great demand for labor. Consequently, the Europeans expanded the slave trade within Africa and across the Atlantic removing innumerable amounts of persons from the region of the Senegal River to Congo in West Africa. Slave trading in West Africa could be likened to a tidal wave [which] tossed people caught its turbulence in its wildly swirls currents of [social], economic and political (Cement, 13).The disadvantages of the trade far outweighed the benefits derived from it. The slave trade destroyed the fabric of West African societies. The mass depopulation of West Africa was one of the most salient effects of the slave trade as was evident in kingdoms such as Congo, Senegal, Angola, CIO, Oho and Doomed. It is estimated that between 1 700 and 1 850 some eleven million people were taken from West Africa (Cement, 12). The forced emigration of these individuals resulted not only in a reduction in population numbers but it also crippled the ability of the nations to replenish themselves.This was so as most captives were between the ages of fourteen to fifteen; the age range Of sexual maturity and potency. Consequently, there ere lower birthrates and the rate of natural growth decreased. Population numbers also decreased as a result of much mortality in slave raids and due to the maltreatment of captives. Lastly, this depopulation changed the demography of the population to one characterized by mostly, women, children and elderly men. The decline of the population also spurred the breakdown of the family structure in West Africa.In slave raids there was no regard for family ties, once an individual was seen as viable he was captured. Accordingly, many young orphans were left to fend for themselves. Furthermore, there was the erosion of the traditional nuclear family structure and the subsequent development of single parent families. Moreover, since a greater ratio of men than women were traded, there was a distortion on gender roles; for example women had to take on roles as breadwinners of the families.This disruption of the family precipitated the ultimate disintegration of communities. The slave trade expunged the community life and community spirit in some West African states. Prior to the vicious trade, West African communities were characterized by colonization among errors, happiness, subsistent living, brotherhood and love. However, as a result of the slave trade societies became corrupt; leaders were overtaken with greed and exploited their common people. Individuals became very defensive and suspicious of their own neighbors.Moreover persons became nomadic and fled from their communities to forested areas where they had a better chance of remaining free. The disruption of the communities also occurred due to the fact that the slave trade induced negative psychological effects on Africans. This trade created immeasurable levels of fear and insecurity, as well as mental instability. This occurred as there was always the looming threat of being captured in a slave raid at any point in time and at any location. Furthermore, the slave trade gave rise to alterations in the social structure of the West African societies.Prior to the trade a structure existed where the most prestigious individuals owned slaves which they used for domestic and field labor, in war and as personal assets. With in slave trade a lack of slaves for such purposes eliminated this structure. Additionally, it became much more difficult for the poor to climb the social ladder as the gap teen the rich and poor widened. State Leaders who were the main slave traders became richer while the lowly West Africans suffered losses and became poorer.Lastly, the slave trade induced an invasion of the European culture which undermined the ancient African culture. Firstly, the influx of European goods such as cloth led to a change in dress as some persons used this commodity for clothing. Furthermore, African cuisine changed slightly as imported foods like corn replaced African provision. Additionally, the rich music, dance and songs such as the grits; singing about rich men which originated in Sexagenarian, ceased in this new apprehensive environment. Certain religious institutions were perverted to meet the needs of the slaves and were defamed.Cultural development was also limited as the traditional transfer of historical stories from one generation to the next was impeded. Lastly since skilled craftsmen were captured and enslaved and those who produced art in the risky environment produced inferior types of the art, ancient art and crafts were lost. The slave trade produced minute positive social effects In West Africa. Firstly, the slave trade provided employment to hose Africans involved in the capture and trading of slaves thus contributing to improvements in persons standard of living.Furthermore, the crops brought across the Atlantic created a boost in agriculture in some states thus helping to sustain population growth and create a higher class of people in society. The social effects of the slave trade on West Africa were quite severe. While the slave trade wracked some West African economies from its inception, it was a significant source of financial gain for others. Firstly, the slave trade caused economic tragedy in that it induced the export of West Africans most valuable raw material; its human labor in a unsustainable fashion. Millions of strong, productive youthful men and women were removed from West Africa at faster rates than they could be replaced, this ultimately prevented successive generations from being able to adequately meeting their own needs and develop West Africa. The decrease in West Africans labor supply triggered the decline in agriculture. Prior to the slave trade lands were farmed for commercial and subsistence use, however during the slave trade farm land were abandoned due to the capture of the rammers and their slaves and the fleeing of persons to other area to avoid raids.Places along rivers like the Senegal River where large scale farming was practiced became danger zones where kidnapping took place. Nomads had little access to fertile land and they became susceptible to drought, farming, starvation and malnutrition. Moreover, food shortages occurred and food had to be purchased. The slave trade changed the structure of trade in West Africa, instead of trading gold, ivory bronzer, kola nuts and slaves for beds, cloth, ceramics crafts and weapons as in earlier days, Africans centered the read around trading slaves for guns, gun powder, iron textiles and alcohol. Moreover, the kings and slave kidnappers became the main beneficiaries of the slave trade who supplied the product which was in high demand. Unfortunately, the goods of the other West African decreased in popularity and these persons felt a great economic strain. Accordingly, the uneven distribution of wealth in that period was clearly defined. Furthermore, when goods like iron and baskets were still in high demand markets for local craftsmen were lost as African merchants imported the same goods these people made for example, cloth, iron, pots and hoes.Moreover, the trade of slaves and the purchase of inferior goods undermined local industries like the salt producing industry, the mining industry and metal works. During that period West Africans no longer wanted to take part in internal trade or intra- African trade and external trade with the Europeans grew. One devastating effect of the slave trade was that the West Africans practiced monoculture where they relied almost exclusive ly upon slaves as a main crop. Moreover any decline in the product was accompanied by a decline in a nations economy.For example in the 1 sass when war broke out in Oho, the trade was reduced and the states income was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, when the Europeans attempted to end the human trafficking in the 18th century this created grave strains on the economies of the chief states involved in the trade ;Shanty, Doomed, Benign, Guiana, Ghana coast and Congo. Lastly, the slave trade weakened the economic potential of many African communities by throwing them off the path of development. Constant tribal wars, raids and frequent kidnappings exhausted communities and led to the stagnation of some economies.Moreover, the slave created a sense of insecurity in some communities which discouraged incentive and economic enterprise which would have stimulated development. The slave trade procured significant positive economic result. Many West African nations acquired considerable wealth as a direct result of the slave trade. For example, the Shanty Kingdom which became a major exporter of slave grew and developed as due to the profits derived from the trade. Furthermore, the slave trade stimulated the growth and development of States such as Doomed, another large scale trader.These nations had a sure market for heir export crop and while their foreign exchange increased they were able to market themselves to the outside world. Lastly, the local Africans also gained revenue from the slave trade. African rulers captured slaves, sold them to slave specialists, specialists African and Afro-European slaves conveyed the slaves to the coasts where European activity was centered along their trading forts. Revenue also came from rent and taxes the Europeans were made to pay for their occupation of land space and buildings along the West African coast. The slave trade also affected African politics. The political Structure of most West African states was made up of various tribes which comprised kingdoms led by kings. Although the tribes were engaged in tribal wars prior to the slave trade to expand their tribes and present;e themselves, the trade instigated the increase of these wars. The great demand for slaves changed the motive of those who engaged in tribal wars. Leaders driven by greed now planned wars solely for the capture of large amounts of slave for export. The Europeans did not capture their own victims but rather influenced the capture of slaves.For example in Angola they stirred up warfare between the kingdoms of Kong and Mongo which provided sufficient captives for the trade. Additionally, the slave trade induced the rise of professional armies, crime and violence with the rise in import of firearms and ammunition. These weapons were used in raids and wars to capture slaves, moreover tribal wars became more bloody and brutal and ended in more fatalities. The slave trade instigated the break down of leadership and led to the corruption of political institution and systems of government.Some local kings, who saw the trade as profitable, increased slave raids and forsook their roles as leaders to become business partners with the Europeans. In some cases the leaders even amended the laws and policies of their states and placed minor offenses in the same category as major crimes punishable by slavery just so they could sell their own people into slavery. Military skills in some areas became more important than the traditional political system. Accordingly, the breakdown of leadership in West Africa retarded the overall development of the region due to the in surmountable political instability which occurred. Furthermore, attention leaders were captured or killed before their talents and skills were cultivated. Furthermore, the slave trade precipitated transliteration as persons were forcibly removed from their traditional tribal structure in raids and war thus leading to the disintegration of tribes. Lastly, the slave trade was detrimental in that it lent the rise of some kingdoms and the fall of others. Predator states such as Benign, and Doomed and Shanty waged wars and acquired the strength to expand and impose their authority upon their neighbors as a result of the vast economic prosperity acquired in slave raiding.For example, Shanty fought with costal kingdoms on both its north and south to obtain direct trade with the Europeans. Small communities which were neighbors to the expanding states suffered greatly and some of them disappeared completely as their lands were overtaken by their more powerful rivals. The political benefits were derived by only the large expanding states such as Oho which was able to attain political status globally. Hilary Buckles and Verne Shepherd described the slave trade as a reign of terror unleashed upon the African Continent.The effect of this terror was magnified in West Africa where millions of slaves were exported.