The Effect of the Slave Trade on West Africa free essay sample

This increase was propelled by ongoing European colonization and the growth of industry in the new world, which created a great demand for labor. Consequently, the Europeans expanded the slave trade within Africa and across the Atlantic removing innumerable amounts of persons from the region of the Senegal River to Congo in West Africa. Slave trading in West Africa could be likened to a tidal wave [which] tossed people caught its turbulence in its wildly swirls currents of [social], economic and political (Cement, 13).The disadvantages of the trade far outweighed the benefits derived from it. The slave trade destroyed the fabric of West African societies. The mass depopulation of West Africa was one of the most salient effects of the slave trade as was evident in kingdoms such as Congo, Senegal, Angola, CIO, Oho and Doomed. It is estimated that between 1 700 and 1 850 some eleven million people were taken from West Africa (Cement, 12). The forced emigration of these individuals resulted not only in a reduction in population numbers but it also crippled the ability of the nations to replenish themselves.This was so as most captives were between the ages of fourteen to fifteen; the age range Of sexual maturity and potency. Consequently, there ere lower birthrates and the rate of natural growth decreased. Population numbers also decreased as a result of much mortality in slave raids and due to the maltreatment of captives. Lastly, this depopulation changed the demography of the population to one characterized by mostly, women, children and elderly men. The decline of the population also spurred the breakdown of the family structure in West Africa.In slave raids there was no regard for family ties, once an individual was seen as viable he was captured. Accordingly, many young orphans were left to fend for themselves. Furthermore, there was the erosion of the traditional nuclear family structure and the subsequent development of single parent families. Moreover, since a greater ratio of men than women were traded, there was a distortion on gender roles; for example women had to take on roles as breadwinners of the families.This disruption of the family precipitated the ultimate disintegration of communities. The slave trade expunged the community life and community spirit in some West African states. Prior to the vicious trade, West African communities were characterized by colonization among errors, happiness, subsistent living, brotherhood and love. However, as a result of the slave trade societies became corrupt; leaders were overtaken with greed and exploited their common people. Individuals became very defensive and suspicious of their own neighbors.Moreover persons became nomadic and fled from their communities to forested areas where they had a better chance of remaining free. The disruption of the communities also occurred due to the fact that the slave trade induced negative psychological effects on Africans. This trade created immeasurable levels of fear and insecurity, as well as mental instability. This occurred as there was always the looming threat of being captured in a slave raid at any point in time and at any location. Furthermore, the slave trade gave rise to alterations in the social structure of the West African societies.Prior to the trade a structure existed where the most prestigious individuals owned slaves which they used for domestic and field labor, in war and as personal assets. With in slave trade a lack of slaves for such purposes eliminated this structure. Additionally, it became much more difficult for the poor to climb the social ladder as the gap teen the rich and poor widened. State Leaders who were the main slave traders became richer while the lowly West Africans suffered losses and became poorer.Lastly, the slave trade induced an invasion of the European culture which undermined the ancient African culture. Firstly, the influx of European goods such as cloth led to a change in dress as some persons used this commodity for clothing. Furthermore, African cuisine changed slightly as imported foods like corn replaced African provision. Additionally, the rich music, dance and songs such as the grits; singing about rich men which originated in Sexagenarian, ceased in this new apprehensive environment. Certain religious institutions were perverted to meet the needs of the slaves and were defamed.Cultural development was also limited as the traditional transfer of historical stories from one generation to the next was impeded. Lastly since skilled craftsmen were captured and enslaved and those who produced art in the risky environment produced inferior types of the art, ancient art and crafts were lost. The slave trade produced minute positive social effects In West Africa. Firstly, the slave trade provided employment to hose Africans involved in the capture and trading of slaves thus contributing to improvements in persons standard of living.Furthermore, the crops brought across the Atlantic created a boost in agriculture in some states thus helping to sustain population growth and create a higher class of people in society. The social effects of the slave trade on West Africa were quite severe. While the slave trade wracked some West African economies from its inception, it was a significant source of financial gain for others. Firstly, the slave trade caused economic tragedy in that it induced the export of West Africans most valuable raw material; its human labor in a unsustainable fashion. Millions of strong, productive youthful men and women were removed from West Africa at faster rates than they could be replaced, this ultimately prevented successive generations from being able to adequately meeting their own needs and develop West Africa. The decrease in West Africans labor supply triggered the decline in agriculture. Prior to the slave trade lands were farmed for commercial and subsistence use, however during the slave trade farm land were abandoned due to the capture of the rammers and their slaves and the fleeing of persons to other area to avoid raids.Places along rivers like the Senegal River where large scale farming was practiced became danger zones where kidnapping took place. Nomads had little access to fertile land and they became susceptible to drought, farming, starvation and malnutrition. Moreover, food shortages occurred and food had to be purchased. The slave trade changed the structure of trade in West Africa, instead of trading gold, ivory bronzer, kola nuts and slaves for beds, cloth, ceramics crafts and weapons as in earlier days, Africans centered the read around trading slaves for guns, gun powder, iron textiles and alcohol. Moreover, the kings and slave kidnappers became the main beneficiaries of the slave trade who supplied the product which was in high demand. Unfortunately, the goods of the other West African decreased in popularity and these persons felt a great economic strain. Accordingly, the uneven distribution of wealth in that period was clearly defined. Furthermore, when goods like iron and baskets were still in high demand markets for local craftsmen were lost as African merchants imported the same goods these people made for example, cloth, iron, pots and hoes.Moreover, the trade of slaves and the purchase of inferior goods undermined local industries like the salt producing industry, the mining industry and metal works. During that period West Africans no longer wanted to take part in internal trade or intra- African trade and external trade with the Europeans grew. One devastating effect of the slave trade was that the West Africans practiced monoculture where they relied almost exclusive ly upon slaves as a main crop. Moreover any decline in the product was accompanied by a decline in a nations economy.For example in the 1 sass when war broke out in Oho, the trade was reduced and the states income was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, when the Europeans attempted to end the human trafficking in the 18th century this created grave strains on the economies of the chief states involved in the trade ;Shanty, Doomed, Benign, Guiana, Ghana coast and Congo. Lastly, the slave trade weakened the economic potential of many African communities by throwing them off the path of development. Constant tribal wars, raids and frequent kidnappings exhausted communities and led to the stagnation of some economies.Moreover, the slave created a sense of insecurity in some communities which discouraged incentive and economic enterprise which would have stimulated development. The slave trade procured significant positive economic result. Many West African nations acquired considerable wealth as a direct result of the slave trade. For example, the Shanty Kingdom which became a major exporter of slave grew and developed as due to the profits derived from the trade. Furthermore, the slave trade stimulated the growth and development of States such as Doomed, another large scale trader.These nations had a sure market for heir export crop and while their foreign exchange increased they were able to market themselves to the outside world. Lastly, the local Africans also gained revenue from the slave trade. African rulers captured slaves, sold them to slave specialists, specialists African and Afro-European slaves conveyed the slaves to the coasts where European activity was centered along their trading forts. Revenue also came from rent and taxes the Europeans were made to pay for their occupation of land space and buildings along the West African coast. The slave trade also affected African politics. The political Structure of most West African states was made up of various tribes which comprised kingdoms led by kings. Although the tribes were engaged in tribal wars prior to the slave trade to expand their tribes and present;e themselves, the trade instigated the increase of these wars. The great demand for slaves changed the motive of those who engaged in tribal wars. Leaders driven by greed now planned wars solely for the capture of large amounts of slave for export. The Europeans did not capture their own victims but rather influenced the capture of slaves.For example in Angola they stirred up warfare between the kingdoms of Kong and Mongo which provided sufficient captives for the trade. Additionally, the slave trade induced the rise of professional armies, crime and violence with the rise in import of firearms and ammunition. These weapons were used in raids and wars to capture slaves, moreover tribal wars became more bloody and brutal and ended in more fatalities. The slave trade instigated the break down of leadership and led to the corruption of political institution and systems of government.Some local kings, who saw the trade as profitable, increased slave raids and forsook their roles as leaders to become business partners with the Europeans. In some cases the leaders even amended the laws and policies of their states and placed minor offenses in the same category as major crimes punishable by slavery just so they could sell their own people into slavery. Military skills in some areas became more important than the traditional political system. Accordingly, the breakdown of leadership in West Africa retarded the overall development of the region due to the in surmountable political instability which occurred. Furthermore, attention leaders were captured or killed before their talents and skills were cultivated. Furthermore, the slave trade precipitated transliteration as persons were forcibly removed from their traditional tribal structure in raids and war thus leading to the disintegration of tribes. Lastly, the slave trade was detrimental in that it lent the rise of some kingdoms and the fall of others. Predator states such as Benign, and Doomed and Shanty waged wars and acquired the strength to expand and impose their authority upon their neighbors as a result of the vast economic prosperity acquired in slave raiding.For example, Shanty fought with costal kingdoms on both its north and south to obtain direct trade with the Europeans. Small communities which were neighbors to the expanding states suffered greatly and some of them disappeared completely as their lands were overtaken by their more powerful rivals. The political benefits were derived by only the large expanding states such as Oho which was able to attain political status globally. Hilary Buckles and Verne Shepherd described the slave trade as a reign of terror unleashed upon the African Continent.The effect of this terror was magnified in West Africa where millions of slaves were exported.

The Potency of Talisay as Ink free essay sample

INTRODUCTION Dyes have become part of daily living. Whats great about dyes is that they give variety to everything. Even the earliest humans used dyes to put color into their worlds, and they even used the most peculiar sources of the colors. Since then, dyes have dominated different kinds of industries. Before, dye manufacturers were only able to produce one color at a time. But now, dyes come in different colors and types as well. Dyes today are easier to use compared to earlier forms of dyes, because previous dye makers got their materials from animals, minerals, or any other common things that were never thought could produce colors. This study is stimulated by queries such as how colored substances got their color and how do these colors last on fabrics. This investigation aims to explore the possibility of coming up with an effective product from recycled materials through the use of talisay extract to produce dye. We will write a custom essay sample on The Potency of Talisay as Ink or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The talisay Fruit is smooth and ellipsoid, 3 to 6 centimeters long, and prominently bi-ridged or keeled down to the sides. Pericarp is fibrous and fleshy, the endocarp hard. Leaves are shiny, obviate, 10 to 25 centimeters long, tapering below to a narrow and heart-shaped base with a expanded rounded apex. When the fruit is chewed it produces a red-bitter substance can produce a dye. Statement of the Problem This research study aims to produce a dye from talisay. And seeks to answer the following sub questions: 1. What are the chemical contents of Talisay which makes it as an effective dye? 2. What processes should talisay undergo to be an effective dye? 3. What are the significant difference of talisay dye from the commercial dye in terms of: a. Color b. Texture c. Cost Hypotheses: Alternative: There is a significant difference between dye from talisay and the commercial dye. Null: There is no significant difference between dye from talisay and the commercial dye. Significance of the study This research study aims to produce fabric dye from talisay fruit without wasting much time and money. This is very useful because talisay is known to produce a red substance that can be a useful dye. This study helps to produce a dye that is cheaper and economic friendly dye. Conceptual Framework Scope and Limitation This study will be conducted at the researcher’s residence, Bari Mangaldan, Pangasinan. This study focuses on frequent users of fabric dye. It is to be presented to ages 10 and above. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Talisay T. catappa is widely grown in tropical regions of the world as an ornamental tree, grown for the deep shade its large leaves provide. The fruit is edible, tasting slightly acidic. The wood is red and solid, and has high water resistance; it has been used in Polynesia for making canoes. In Tamil, almond is known nattuvadumai. The leaves contain several flavonoids (such as kaempferol or quercetin), several tannins (such as punicalin, punicalagin or tercatin), saponines andphytosterols. Due to this chemical richness, the leaves (and the bark) are used in different herbal medicines for various purposes. For instance in Taiwan, fallen leaves are used as an herb to treat liver diseases. In Suriname, a tisane made from the leaves is prescribed against dysentery anddiarrhea. The leaves may contain agents for prevention of cancers (although they have no demonstrated ant carcinogenic properties) and antioxidants, as well as anticlastogenic characteristics. Extracts of T. catappa have shown activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (FcB1) and CQ-sensitive (HB3) strains. Keeping the leaves in an aquarium may lower the pH and heavy metal content of the water. It has been used in this way by fish breeders for many years, and is active against some parasites and bacterial pathogens. ] It is also believed to help prevent fungus forming on the eggs of the fish http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Terminalia_catappa Uses Edibility / Nutrition Kernels are edible, with a sweet-acidic pericarp. Seeds are a good source of minerals; in descending order: potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium. Folkloric Red leaves are used to expel worms. Fruit is said to be purgative. Leaves mixed with oil are rubbed onto the breast to relieve mammary pain. Bark is used for gastric ailments, bilious diarrhea and dysentery. The sap of young leaves mixed with the kernel oil has been used for the treatment of leprosy. Bark decoction has been used for the treatment of gonorrhea and stomach cramps. Leaves are applied to rheumatic joints. Juice of young leaves used for scabies and other cutaneous diseases, headaches and colic. Leaves macerated in oil has been used for tonsillitis. In Sri Lankan folklore, juice of tender leaves used for pains, including headaches. In India, the bark is used as a diuretic and cardiotonic; leaves used for headache. In Nigeria, leaves macerated in palm oil used for tonsillitis; stems and bark used for sexual dysfunction. Seeds have been used for sexual dysfunction. Others Kernel contains a fixed oil, 51-63% called Indian Almond oil, oil of Badamier, or in the Philippines, as Talisay oil. Studies †¢ Antioxidant / Hepatoprotective: Study of leaf extracts of TC and an isolated antioxidant, corilagin, was found to provide hepatoprotection in experimentally induced liver injury through suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis. †¢ Anti-Inflammatory: Topical application of ethanol and chloroform extracts of leaves in induced acute and chronic ear edema in mice showed reduced inflammation. †¢ Antimicrobial: Study of the methanolic extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia catappa showed inhibitory activity on B subtilis and S aureus. Phytochemical analysis yielded saponin, saponin glycosides, steroid, cardiac glycoside, tannins, volatile oils, phenols and balsam (gum). †¢ Antimetastatic: Study showed extract of TC leaves exerted an inhibitory effect on invasion and motility of highly metastatic lung carcinoma cells. It suggests TCE could be a potential antimetastatic agent. †¢ Antinociceptive: Study of the leaf extract of TC concludes that it is useful as an analgesic, supporting it folkloric use in Sri Lanka. †¢ Squalene / Antioxidant: Squalene was identified from the leaf extract of TC. The extract of leaves exhibited potent antioxidative and scavenging activities. †¢ Anti-Diabetic: Study of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of T catappa all produced significant antidiabetic activity at dose levels 1/5 of their lethal doses. Histological studies of the pancreas earlier necrosed by alloxan showed regeneration by methanolic and aqueous extracts. †¢ Anti-Diabetic: Damage to pancreas in alloxan-treated diabetic control and regeneration of ? -cells by glibenclamide was observed. A comparable regeneration was noted with aqueous and cold extracts. †¢ Aphrodisiac: Reports of Terminalia catappa seeds showing aphrodisiac activities in male rates. †¢ Anti-inflammatory / Triterpenic Acids: Study of ethanolic extract of leaves yielded triterpenic acids responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of T catappa leaves. †¢ Antiparasitic / Antibacterial / Antifungal: Study looked into T catappa as an alternative to the use of chemicals and antibiotics in the aquaculture industry. Results showed eradication of Trichodina, fish ectoparasites, at 800 ppm. Ongoing research is being done to isolate the active ingredients in the Indian almond for fish pathogen treatment. †¢ Antibacterial / Ornamental Fish Culture: Study evaluated the concentration of tannin, an antimicrobial substance, in a water extract of leaves and it’s in vitro antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from aquatic animals. Results indicated a potential for use as antibacterial alternative for ornamental fish culture. †¢ Oil / Biodiesel Potential: Study of castanhola in Brazil showed the oil obtained from the fruit kernels to yield around 49% (%mass). The fatty acid composition was similar to other conventional oils. Study of physiochemical properties of the TC biodiesel showed to be in acceptable range for use as in dieselengines. †¢ Livestock Feed: The mesocarp of T catappa contain major nutrients of carbohydrate, oil and metal ions (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) provide for biochemical activities required for livestock feed formulation. †¢ Antidiabetic: Study reports the leaf extracts exhibited significant blood glucose lowering in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. †¢ Anthelmintic: Study of TC leaves showed anthelmintic activity through inhibition of motility and survivability of larvae of T. colubriforis, C curticei and H. contortus. †¢ Hepatoprotective / D-Galactosamine / Radical Scavenging: TC leaf extract showed hepatoprotective effect against D-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury. There was dose-dependent inhibition of mitrochondrial swelling with dose-dependent superoxide radicals scavenging activity. †¢ Antimicrobial: Study demonstrated antimicrobial activity, more pronounced against bacteria than fungal strains. †¢ Nutritional Properties of Seed and Oil: Seeds were found to be a good source of minerals. Oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic and linoleic acids. Dominant saturated acids were palmitic and stearic acids. Oil extracts exhibited good physiochemical properties and a potential usefulness as edible oils and industrial applications. †¢ Erythropoiesis Enhancement: Study evaluated the potential of Terminalia catappa to induce erythropoiesis in adult Balb C mice. A methanolic extract of T. catappa exhibited erythropoietic potential, inducing production of hemoglobin higher than untreated control. †¢ Toxicological Study / Leaves: Study evaluated three different doses of T. catappa crude aqueous extract in two stages of toxicity. Results showed no toxicological effects on Sprague-Dawley white rats in a 14-day experimental period. †¢ Antinociceptive / Leaves: Study of an aqueous extract of leaves showed analgesic activity which may be mediated through both central and peripheral mechanisms. †¢ Antifungal / Leaves: Study evaluated ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of T. catappa and T. arjuna for in-vitro antifungal activity against A. niger, A. alternata, C. lunata and T. tonsurans. Both showed antifungal activities, with T. arjuna showing better efficacy. Methanol extract showed best activity with Curvularia lunata. †¢ Antibacterial / Leaves: Study evaluated methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of T. catappa leaves and bark for antibacterial activity against clinical (sensitive and MDR) and ATCC strains of E. coli, K. pneumonia, and MRSA Staphylococcus aureus. Bark extracts showed better activity compared to the leaves extracts, and the methanolic extract the most active of all the extracts. †¢ Hepatoprotective / Leaves / CCl4-Induced Toxicity / Triterpenoids: Study evaluated a chloroform extract of leaves on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage and D-galactosamine induced injury. The chloroform extracts yielded ursolic acid and asiatic acid, which dose-dependently inhibited Ca2++-induced mitrochondrial swelling. The hepatoprotective activity attributed to protection of the liver mitrochondria and scavenging action of free radicals. †¢ Natural Anti-solar Agent / Fruit: Study evaluated the UV absorption ability of a methanol extract of fruit of Terminalia catappa as an application as anti-solar agent. Results showed maximum absorbance at 200nm, good absorbance at 240nm to 300 nm, and moderate absorbance at 300-360nm. †¢ Antitumor / Leaves: Study evaluated the effect of a methanolic extract of leaves of T. catappa against Ehrlich ascitic lymphoma (ELA) in Swiss albino mice. Results showed significant antitumor activity, with the extract bringing back the altered levels of hematological parameters and liver enzymes. http://www. stuartxchange. com/Talisay. html Dye A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. Both dyes and pigments appear to be colored because they absorb some wavelengths of light more than others. In contrast with a dye, a pigment generally is insoluble, and has no affinity for the substrate. Some dyes can be precipitated with an inert salt to produce a lake pigment, and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake, calcium lake or barium lake pigments. Dyed flax fibers have been found in the Republic of Georgia dated back in a prehistoric cave to 36,000 BP. Archaeological evidence shows that, particularly in India and Phoenicia, dyeing has been widely carried out for over 5,000 years. The dyes were obtained from animal, vegetable or mineral origin, with none to very little processing. By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dye One of the big draws to Perfect World is character customization. What better way to continue that customization than to give your character their own sense of fashion. While there is a wide assortment of styles available in the boutique, you may not always get a color that appeal to you. Luckily, there are Dyes, or Pigments, available to change the color of your clothes. http://pwi-wiki. perfectworld. com/index. php/Dye_Information Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources –roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood—and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years. The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. Typically, the dye material is put in a pot of water and then the textiles to be dyed are added to the pot, which is heated and stirred until the color is transferred. Textile fibre may be dyed before spinning(dyed in the wool), but most textiles are yarn-dyed or piece-dyed after weaving. Many natural dyes require the use of chemicals called mordants to bind the dye to the textile fibres; tannin from oak galls, salt, natural alum, vinegar, and ammonia from stale urine were used by early dyers. Many mordants, and some dyes themselves, produce strong odors, and large-scale dyeworks were often isolated in their own districts. Throughout history, people have died their textiles using common, locally available materials, but scarce dyestuffs that produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the natural invertebrate dyes, Tyrian purple and crimson kermes, became highly prized luxury items in the ancient and medieval world. Plant-based dyes such as woad (Isatis tinctoria), indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in piece-dyed cloth. Dyes such as cochineal and logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum) were brought to Europe by the Spanish treasure fleets, and the dyestuffs of Europe were carried by colonists to America. The discovery of man-made synthetic dyes in the mid-19th century triggered a long decline in the large-scale market for natural dyes. Synthetic dyes, which could be produced in large quantities, quickly superseded natural dyes for the commercial textile production enabled by the industrial revolution, and unlike natural dyes, were suitable for the synthetic fibers that followed. Artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement preferred the pure shades and subtle variability of natural dyes, which mellow with age but preserve their true colors, unlike early synthetic dyes,and helped ensure that the old European techniques for dyeing and printing with natural dyestuffs were preserved for use by home and craft dyers. Natural dyeing techniques are also preserved by artisans in traditional cultures around the world. In the early 21st century, the market for natural dyes in the fashion industry is experiencing resurgence. Western consumers have become more concerned about the health and environmental impact of synthetic dyes in manufacturing and there is a growing demand for products that use natural dyes. The European Union, for example, has encouraged Indonesian batik cloth producers to switch to natural dyes to improve their export market in Europe. Chapter III METHODOLOGY Methodology contains the research design, the variables and materials, procedures in data gathering, the experimental flowchart of the study and statistical treatment used. Research Design This research study will be using completely randomized design (CRD). And this research design will test the potency of Talisay terminalia cattapa as an effective fabric dye. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and T-test will be utilized and statistical tools to test the significant difference of the talisay fabric sye and the commercial dye. Materials and Equipment Casserole Bowl Stove Mortar and Pestle Strainer Talisay Procedures First you must prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, extract the coloring. If you will use leaves, extract it by sleeping it into half cup of hot water. If roots of talisay will be used as coloring, grind it in the mortar and pestle then cover with half cup of hot water. And if you will use Annatto seeds, extract it by covering with half cup of hot water. After extracting separate the dye from the solid particles by pouring it to the strainer. Add 2 teaspoon of alum into the coloring in a bowl. Add 3 teaspoon of cassava starch. Heat the casserole in the stove and pour the solution if the casserole is already hot. Stir until it becomes sticky. If it is sticky enough remove the casserole in the stove and wait for it to cool. If it hot anymore, you can transfer it in the container. Variables Independent: Talisay fruit and Extraxt Dependent: Fabric Dye Control: Commercial Dye

Harrison Bergeron Theme Analysis Essay Example

Harrison Bergeron Theme Analysis Essay Example Harrison Bergeron Theme Analysis Paper Harrison Bergeron Theme Analysis Paper Harrison Bergeron Analysis This clear inequality teen them is unfair and creates competition, so the government decides to place a noise machine in Georges ear which will go off every so often to keep him from thinking too hard. Hazel, on the other hand, doesnt have to wear any such devise. As it turns out, this couple has a son named Harrison, however when he was younger he was so overly talented that they couldnt restrain him with normal ways, so the Handicapper General (the organization in charge of making all equal) decided to imprison him, as they believed he was planning a government overthrow at the age f 14. At the present day George and Hazel are relaxing watching some restrained ballerinas perform poorly when a government announcement interrupts the show. Harrison has escaped prison, and surprise surprise, hes at the ballerina show. He rips of the hundreds of pounds of restraints, his mask, and all of the other restraints, and he declares himself emperor. He then claims one of the ballerinas as him empress and they dance together in an unbelievably beautiful fashion, culminating with an extended kiss in which they ignore gravity. Finally theyre shot with a shotgun by the Handicapper General and they die. George and Hazel shortly afterwards forget what was sad on the television. There are many themes which this short story brings up in order to make the reader question how far he or she wishes government control to go. These themes include equality, competition, and censorship. However they can all be summed up into one theme statement. : To restrict the freedom and hide the talents of the gifted in order to stop unfair competition ends up benefiting body, as it creates a society in which nobody works to improve the world, the untalented get even more untalented, and rights which equality should protect end up being destroyed by censorship. As demonstrated by George Burgeon perfectly, all those with an unfair talent are handicapped and prevented from showcasing their talent properly. While this does end up keeping the smart from beating out the dumb, it also prevents society from improving. When George has a thought about maybe not handicapping ballerinas so the show improves, it is immediately pushed way by his ear handicap. Hence, a potentially beneficial idea is shut down before it can even be discuss. In addition to harming society by not allowing potentially beneficial ideas to be discussed, these handicaps Just make the dumb dumber. Although many people arent mentally talented, they can improve their capabilities through hard work and education from people such as teachers and parents. Despite never being able to match those naturally more gifted then them, people would be able to become educated and capable of critical thinking. As is evidenced by Hazel, none of this improvement happens in 2081. She in no way would be considered average today, as she constantly forgets things and never thinks for herself, resulting in a below average thinker never improving, and therefore being less capable of deep thoughts then todays below average IQ person, who can improve his or her abilities. By creating equality many believe this would be the ultimate fulfillment of natural rights, not say in this scenario. Rights which are treasured in modern day society are rumpled upon, most notably free speech. The way in which people are made average in this world requires those who think not to do so, and when something happens to initiate a thought, a television station is temporarily shut down or a noise is sent through the brain. Freedom of expression is not allowed, as anyone who questions the system is thrown in Jail, such as Harrison. This story is all about how far one is willing to go to achieve equality, and the slippery slope scenario which it poses it quite frightening.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Research Paper

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Research Paper Example Under the new law, children are no longer denied of the coverage based on pre-existing conditions (NCSL, 2012). They will be considered beneficiaries of parents until they will reach the age of 26. The healthcare reform has nationalized its system at the cost of $940 billion (NCSL, 2012). Such amount is exacted from budget cuts, taxation and government funding (Gravelle, 2010). On a positive note, it was perceived to have reduced the national fiscal deficiency by $1.2 trillion (NCSL, 2012). This was perceived as the strategic resolution to provide remedy to the serious concern about 32 million Americans who have no health insurance (NCSL, 2012) notwithstanding critique from other stakeholders that changes will also potentially impact to medicare system and the need for hospitals to cope with the increasing demand of health consumers as budget for national services are rationalized by the state. Healthcare subscribers still need to realize though that preventive health measure remains necessary since Obamacare program is designed as a government’s response to bridge the gaps on financial resources in case of hospitalization. Its appreciable still to note that central to this healthcare reform is the gender non-discrimination clause in its policy; restriction enforced to pre-need companies to make them customer-centered in providing insurance benefits; obliging insurance companies to justify any increase of insurance fees; availability of option to avail healthcare in accordance to their income bracket and nature of employment (NCSL, 2012). The co-payments for domestic violence screening, birth control and related expenses are no longer allowed (NCSL, 2012). Annual and lifetime limits for caring for the patients are already removed and micro-businesses will enjoy tax credits if their workers are afforded with insurance. Notwithstanding these positive reforms, there are still those who categorized that the Obamacare remains favorable to the affluent or the moneyed middle class who could save more from the healthcare benefits. They opined that there are still about 25% of entrepreneurs that are uninsured, 50% are dependent on their respective family, and there are about 60% with private insurance enjoy incomes at about 400% above the poverty level (NCSL, 2012). These affluent will qualify for tax credits other than the fact that it can subsidize healthcare to 83% small business owners that are currently considered not insured (NCSL, 2012). Department of Healthcare and Family expectations of Obama care for state of Illinois The Institute of Medicine (IOM) have already provided directives for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)Â  pertaining to essential benefits of mandatory insurance under the health reform law's insurance exchanges (NCSL, 2012). Medical experts observed that the report and directive did not listed specific medical services to be covered by premiums of insurers but it recommended a framework to define the minimum benefits that can be generated under the insurance policy (NCSL, 2012). DoH acknowledged that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was the most comprehensive changes to the provision of health insurance since the development of Medicare and Medicaid by requiring all Americans to have health insurance by 2016 (NCSL, 2012).

Digital tools and effective strategies for taking notes and for Research Paper

Digital tools and effective strategies for taking notes and for learning content - Research Paper Example These tools include mobile phones, games based on knowledge among other software, programming, tablets, laptops, desktops, computers, applications, voice and video recorders, televisions, radios, and online learning. Additionally, the internet as at large which has different dockets for example the social media, Wikipedia and many more digital tools (Di, 2014). There are several applications that are downloaded on our mobile phones, computers, laptops, desktops which have functions both for note taking and content learning. Google notebook is a good example of a web-based note taking application. The Google application includes a labeling, a rich-text editor and Google bookmarks (Di, 2014). Evernote is another application that is suitable for note taking. Evernote is a cross-platform worldwide seizure application which is free. Evernote has a support for text, images, tagging, audio. This mobile application offers seamless capturing of information (Di, 2014). The internet and the social media is a good digital source of content learning. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube are some of the social media networks that are good sources of information. The social media are a platform of informing people of the current trends in the world. YouTube and for example Google are a good sources of learning information too. Both voice and video recorders are important ways of taking information and also a good storage source. These types of information from the recorders are always firsthand information and are not altered (John, 2008). Snap chat and screenshots are another ways of notes keeping that are used by many people currently. Screenshots are taken from mobile phones and are a very fast way to keep the information learnt for future references. Games for both mobile and computer are an excellent way of learning that was discovered recently. Games promote conceptual understanding. For example the

Teenage Internet Dependency Essay Example for Free

Teenage Internet Dependency Essay Teenagers are too Dependent on the Internet As the internet has become very popular among teenagers over the past few years, there have been many social impacts affecting the stakeholders of the issue. Teenagers use the internet for various reasons: to do research for homework or a project, to socialize with friends, and to keep up with the latest movies, music, and video games. The internet allows teens to be receptive to many resources that would not be available to them without the internet. Although some aspects of teens using the internet may be favorable and beneficial, many are causing laziness and under-developed social skills. The other stakeholders of the issue are the parents and teachers of these students. Parents are concerned that their children may be being stalked or predated and feel as if their children are becoming more distant from their family because of the significant amount they are spending on the internet. Teachers also must deal with their students having the resources to cheat by using the internet to give them the answers. The growing teenage dependency on the internet has both a negative and positive impact on the world. Some people may say that teens are not too dependent on the internet. Teenagers use to internet to complete homework, projects, and study for tests because of all the resources available. The internet provides a large collection of online books, newspapers, and magazines, allowing the teenage students to gain more knowledge about their school work and save them time. For example, when a student has an exceptional amount of homework and does not have enough time to complete his reading for that night, the website SparkNotes provides summaries, characterizations, and other important literary devices that allow the student to understand the novel when short of time. Another way that teens are not too dependent on the internet is seen through the social interactions they are able to make via social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook. These sites allow teenagers to keep in touch with their fellow classmates and friends in a quick and easy way. They also allow students to share their personal lives with people they otherwise would not interact with, allowing them to make more friends and develop better relationships. For example, a teenager can create a whole new personality through the internet, giving him more confidence and a higher self esteem due to the positive reactions they are receiving through other internet users. The reasons for teens not being too dependent on the internet, allowing them more resources for school and more opportunities to interact socially with friends and peers, are not strong enough to override the reasons as to why teenagers are too dependent on the internet. This is because students have several other facilities that provide them with sufficient information, such as the library, museums, and bookstores. Teens also may be able to more easily communicate with friends through the use of social networking sites and resulting in higher confidence, although, this affects the way teens interact with other people because they can be totally different people via the internet. Teenagers are too dependent on the internet. It allows them to become easily distracted from their work, and lessens their face-to-face social skills. As a student may have the original intention of finishing his homework on the computer, the temptations to log on to MySpace or Facebook are too high, therefore the student visits those sites instead, causing them to deviate from their work. This causes more teens to get behind in school because of their lack of effort due to the internet’s capabilities. For example, a student may tell his parents he is using the computer to work on homework, but rather he is using it to communicate with his friends through a social networking site or online video game; this slows down the student’s work ethic because of the distractions it provides. Another reason that students are too dependent on the internet relates to physical appearance and self-esteem. There are many different sites on the internet that provide teens with information regarding dangerous groups and activities. For example, if a girl has anorexia, she is able to access online forums for anorexics that encourages dangerous behavior that harms the human body. For these two main reasons, teenagers are too dependent on the internet. The stakeholders of the issue, regarding whether or not teenagers are too dependent on the internet, allow one to examine the advantages and disadvantages of increasing internet use. The stakeholders’ reactions are more against teens using the internet so excessively than they are in favor of teens using the internet. Since more teens are becoming more dependent on the internet, they are putting themselves in harm’s way of predators and health/mental issues, they are distancing themselves from their families, and they are becoming more accustomed to communicating with their friends through social networking sites rather than face-to-face contact. The reasons supporting the idea that teens are not too dependent on the internet offer other options to teens using the internet, weakening the argument. Therefore, teenagers are too dependent on the internet.

Racial Profiling :: Black Lives Matter Essays

Racial Profiling is a serious discrimination against certain ethnic races. Contrary to popular belief, racial profiling can happen anytime and anywhere. It is important for us to realize that racial profiling is disrespectful to the people who are targeted and it is a crime. People should not be targeted just because of their race or color. Racial profiling has become one of the most controversial practices widely used knowingly or unknowingly in police departments, airport security systems and other government agencies across the world. The world there has been numerous incidents where people have been arrested, detained, and even beaten because of their ethnicity. A good example is incident that happened this April. A Man named Isaac Williams was arrested after taking his daily â€Å"walks† his doctor prescribed him. At the current time Peel regional police searching for a breaking and entering. Williams was spotted and was detained in a cruiser and interrogated by an officer repeatedly shouting at him. However, it does not end there, after Williams was released there was a press conference that claimed that if Williams was a different race he would not have been interviewed. Williams is filing a case against Peel Regional Police. Incidents like Williams case happens to often around the world. Even though r acial profiling is a disgraceful method, some may argue that racial profiling is necessary measure to keep the world safe from unwanted threats. They will argue that Racial Profiling is an important measure to keep away terrorist activities and capture criminals who might be smuggling drugs or human trafficking. However, there are better ways to identify these criminals. Behavioral profiling should be the main form of identifying potential criminals because, instead of using race as a key point in identifying potentially threatening criminals, behavioral profiling uses someone’s behavior to identify criminals. This method will not discriminate people of different races and will be more efficient then racial profiling. Racial Profiling has started to spread too many places around the world; we need to let the world know that arresting people solely on their race is a discriminatory and wrong practice. To some people, Racial Profiling is considered as â€Å"morally wrong†. That means that is like putting certain races into a lower class while putting other races in a higher class. This practice is wrong because in most countries we consider that all people are equal and they deserve to be treated equal.